Basic Responses Returning Strings From Routes The most basic response from a Lumen route is a string: ``` $app->get('/', function() { return 'Hello World'; }); ``` Creating Custom Responses However, for most routes and controller actions, you will be returning a full Illuminate\Http\Response instance or a view. Returning a full Response instance allows you customize the response's HTTP status code and headers. A Response instance inherits from the Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response class, providing a variety of methods for building HTTP responses: ``` use Illuminate\Http\Response; return (new Response($content, $status)) ->header('Content-Type', $value); ``` For convenience, you may also use the response helper: ``` return response($content, $status) ->header('Content-Type', $value); ``` Note: For a full list of available Response methods, check out its API documentation and the Symfony API documentation. Redirects Redirect responses are typically instances of the Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse class, and contain the proper headers needed to redirect the user to another URL. Returning A Redirect There are several ways to generate a RedirectResponse instance. The simplest method is to use the redirect helper method. When testing, it is not common to mock the creation of a redirect response, so using the helper method is almost always acceptable: ``` return redirect('user/login'); ``` Returning A Redirect With Flash Data Note: Before using flash data, you must enable sessions. Redirecting to a new URL and flashing data to the session are typically done at the same time. So, for convenience, you may create a RedirectResponse instance and flash data to the session in a single method chain: ``` return redirect('user/login')->with('message', 'Login Failed'); ``` Redirecting To The Previous URL You may wish to redirect the user to their previous location, for example, after a form submission. You can do so by using the back method: ``` return redirect()->back(); return redirect()->back()->withInput(); ``` Returning A Redirect To A Named Route When you call the redirect helper with no parameters, an instance of Illuminate\Routing\Redirector is returned, allowing you to call any method on the Redirector instance. For example, to generate a RedirectResponse to a named route, you may use the route method: ``` return redirect()->route('login'); ``` Returning A Redirect To A Named Route With Parameters If your route has parameters, you may pass them as the second argument to the route method. // For a route with the following URI: profile/{id} return redirect()->route('profile', ['id' => 1]); If you are redirecting to a route with an "ID" parameter that is being populated from an Eloquent model, you may simply pass the model itself. The ID will be extracted automatically: ``` return redirect()->route('profile', ['id' => $user]); ``` Returning A Redirect To A Named Route Using Named Parameters // For a route with the following URI: profile/{user} ``` return redirect()->route('profile', ['user' => 1]); ``` Other Responses The response helper may be used to conveniently generate other types of response instances. Creating A JSON Response The json method will automatically set the Content-Type header to application/json: ``` return response()->json(['name' => 'Abigail', 'state' => 'CA']); ``` Creating A JSONP Response ``` return response()->json(['name' => 'Abigail', 'state' => 'CA']) ->setCallback($request->input('callback')); ``` Creating A File Download Response ``` return response()->download($pathToFile); return response()->download($pathToFile, $name, $headers); return response()->download($pathToFile)->deleteFileAfterSend(true); ``` Note: Symfony HttpFoundation, which manages file downloads, requires the file being downloaded to have an ASCII file name.